Blood glucose meters can be categorized into two types based on their working principle: photoelectric and electrode-based. Photoelectric blood glucose meters, similar to CD players, have a photoelectric sensor. Their advantage is their lower price, but their disadvantage is that the sensor is exposed to air, making it susceptible to contamination and affecting test results. The error range is approximately ±0.8, and their lifespan is relatively short, generally accurate for up to two years. After two years, it is recommended that patients using photoelectric meters have them calibrated at a service center. Hospitals typically have representatives perform regular maintenance, while home blood glucose meters require photoelectric sensor maintenance at authorized service centers.
Electrode-based blood glucose meters have a more scientific testing principle. The electrode opening is internal, preventing contamination. The error range is generally around ±0.5. They offer high accuracy, require no calibration under normal use, and have a long lifespan.
Blood glucose meters also come in two blood sampling methods: smear-based and suction-based. Smear-based machines generally require a larger blood sample, causing more discomfort for the patient. Excessive blood sample can affect test results, while insufficient blood can lead to test failure and wasted test strips. These are mostly photoelectric type meters. Blood glucose meters that require finger-prick sampling control the blood sample volume, eliminating results inaccurate due to insufficient blood volume. They are easy to use; simply dab a drop of blood onto the test strip.
Currently, most blood glucose meters are designed for finger-prick sampling, requiring blood collection. While finger-prick-free blood glucose meters exist for patients needing frequent measurements, they are very expensive. To alleviate the discomfort of finger-prick sampling, two new arm-based blood glucose meters have been introduced.
